Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the abdomen: A rare clinical presentation

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMCS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor of chondroprogenitor cell origin. Originally, it was restricted to the bone only but that is no longer the case. Recent literature reports that 20–33% of these tumors occur at the extraskeletal sites. We report one such case, in which the tumor involved the anterior abdominal wall muscles and also had a large intra-abdominal mass that covered a large part of the peritoneal cavity. The clinical features and computed tomography findings suggested the diagnosis of a malignant desmoid tumor with intra-abdominal extension; however, the histopathological examination and the immunohistochemistry proved the tumor to be EMCS. The case is reported due to the dilemma in diagnosis, its rarity, large size, parietal, and intra-abdominal extension with multiple site involvement.

Red and White Cabbage Extracts: Antioxidant Effects on Bovines Albumins

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause extensive tissue damages in various disease conditions.It may also induce an irreversible structural and/or functional modification of proteins. Flavonoids and theirderivatives are the largest group in plant polyphenols that are known to have an antioxidant effect. The aim ofthe present study is to evaluate the antioxidant effects of red or white cabbage on bovine serum albumin (BSA).Methods: Fresh leaves of red or white cabbage were washed with distilled water, and sliced into small pieces.Finally, the pieces were dried and extracted with 80% ethanol overnight. The antioxidant activity of cabbageextracts were studied by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and H2O2 scavenging assays. Statisticalanalysis: Statistical significances were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using software Rversion 2.8.1 (R Development Core Team, 2008). Significant differences (p < 0.05) are denoted by differentletters. Results: Red and white cabbage extract showed a pronounced antioxidant activity. White cabbageexhibited a highest antioxidant activities compared to red cabbage extract. Conclusion: Both red and whitecabbages have a high antioxidant effects. White cabbage extract had higher antioxidant activity than red cabbageextract.

[Assessment the effect of toe separator orthosis on plantar pressure in subjects with hallux valgus]

Hallux Valgus is one of the most common foot deformities which could change the foot bones' alignment and plantar pressure distribution. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe separator on plantar pressure redistribution in subjects with Hallux Valgus. This was a quasi-experimental study with IRCT code IRCT2013090314554N1.20 females with Hallux Valgus were recruited between students/staff of university of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences. The plantar pressure was measured by Pedar-X insole system. Tests were consisted of two walking trials: wearing standard shoe only and shoe with toe separator. The variables included peak pressure, force and contact area wear calculated for five regions in forefoot. Using toe separator, maximum pressure was significantly reduced in the big toe [199.7 +/- 45.9, 171.6 +/- 44.8] and first metatarsal [122.7 +/- 26.9, 111.1 +/- 35.1] and increased in 2-5th toes [69.9 +/- 15.3, 74.8 +/- 17.3]. Also the contact area was significantly reduced in 2-5th toes [15.5 +/- 2.2, 16.1 +/- 2.1].there was no significant value in any variable at second metatarsal. The result of this study showed that toe separator could change plantar pressure distribution in the big toe and first metatarsal head area. Furthermore it could change plantar pressure pattern in Hallux Valgus subject to the more normal pattern

Acute Paraplegia Secondary to Thoracic Disc Herniation of the Adjacent Segment Following Thoracolumbar Fusion and Instrumentation

Proximal junctional disease is a well-recognized postoperative phenomenon in adults who are undergoing long thoracolumbar fusion and instrumentation, and is attributed to increased a junctional stress concentration. In general, the onset of symptoms in these patients is insidious and the disease progresses slowly. We report on a contrary case of rapidly progressing paraplegia secondary to acute disc herniation at the proximal adjacent segment after long posterior thoracolumbar fusion with cement augmentation at the upper instrumented vertebra and the supra-adjacent vertebra. The patient was treated with a discectomy through the costo-transverse approach combined with extension of the posterior instrumentation. The patient's neurological status improved markedly. Stress concentration at the proximal junction disc space may have caused accelerated disc degeneration which in turn lead to this complication.

Níveis de PCR são maiores em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda e supradesnivelamento do segmento ST do que em pacientes sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST / CRP levels are higher in patients with ST elevation than non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome / Niveles de PCR son mayores en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y supradesnivel del segmento ST que en pacientes sin supradesnivel del segmento ST

FUNDAMENTO: Há grande interesse no uso de proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as) para avaliação de risco. Altos níveis de PCR-as no início da síndrome coronária aguda (SCA), antes da necrose tecidual, pode ser um marcador substituto para comorbidades cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Dessa forma, nosso objetivo foi estudar diferentes medidas de seguimento de níveis de PCR-as em pacientes com SCA e comparar as diferenças entre infarto do miocárdio sem elevação do segmento ST (NSTEMI) com pacientes apresentando elevação do segmento ST (STEMI). MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo observacional. Dos 89 pacientes recrutados, 60 apresentavam infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Três níveis seriados de PCR-us, a nível basal na hospitalização antes de 12 horas após inicio dos sintomas, níveis de pico 36-48 horas após hospitalização e níveis de acompanhamento após 4 a 6 semanas foram analisados e comparados entre pacientes com (IAMCSST) e sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMSSST). RESULTADOS: Pacientes com IAMCSST tinham IMC significantemente mais alta quando comparados com pacientes IAMSSST. Os níveis de creatino quinase fração MB (CK-MB) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST) eram significantemente mais altos em pacientes com IAMCSST quando comparados com pacientes com IAMSSST (p<0,05). Os níveis de PCR a nível basal e no acompanhamento não diferiram de forma significante entre os dois grupos (p=0,2152 e p=0,4686 respectivamente). Houve uma diferença significante nos níveis de pico de PCR entre os dois grupos. No grupo de pacientes com IAMCSST os níveis foram significantemente mais altos quando comparados aos pacientes com IAMSSST (p=0,0464). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com IAMCSST apresentam picos significantemente mais elevados de PCR quando comparados a pacientes IAMSSST. Esses dados sugerem que o processo inflamatório tem um papel independente na patogênese do infarto do miocárdio. Dessa forma, os níveis de PCR podem ajudar na estratificação de risco após o infarto do miocárdio.

BACKGROUND: There is intense interest in the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) for risk assessment. Elevated hsCRP concentrations early in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), prior to the tissue necrosis, may be a surrogate marker for cardiovascular co-morbidities. OBJECTIVE: Therefore we aimed to study different follow up measurements of hsCRP levels in acute coronary syndrome patients and to compare the difference between non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. METHODS: This is an observational study. Of the 89 patients recruited 60 patients had acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Three serial hsCRP levels at baseline on admission to hospital before 12 hours of symptom onset, peak levels at 36-48 hours and follow up levels after 4-6 weeks were analyzed and compared between non-ST elevation AMI and ST elevation AMI. RESULTS: STEMI patients had significantly higher BMI compared to NSTEMI patients. Creatine kinase myocardial bound (CKMB) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly higher in STEMI patients compared to NSTEMI patients (p<0.05). CRP levels at baseline and at follow up did not significantly differ between the two groups (p= 0.2152, p=0.4686 respectively). There was a significant difference regarding peak CRP levels between the two groups, as STEMI patients had significantly higher peak CRP levels compared to NSTEMI patients (p=0.0464). CONCLUSION: STEMI patients have significantly higher peak CRP levels compared to NSTEMI patients. These data suggest that inflammatory processes play an independent role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. Thus, CRP assessment may assist in risk stratification after myocardial infarction.

FUNDAMENTO: Hay gran interés en el uso de proteína C-reactiva de alta sensibilidad (PCR-as) para evaluación de riesgo. Altos niveles de PCR-as en el comienzo del síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), antes de la necrosis tisular, puede ser un marcador sustituto para comorbilidades cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: De esa forma, nuestro objetivo fue estudiar diferentes medidas de seguimiento de niveles de PCR-as en pacientes con SCA y comparar las diferencias entre infarto de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST (NSTEMI) con pacientes presentando elevación del segmento ST (STEMI). MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio observacional. De los 89 pacientes reclutados, 60 presentaban infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Tres niveles seriados de PCR-us, a nivel basal en la hospitalización antes de 12 horas después del inicio de los síntomas, niveles de pico 36-48 horas después de hospitalización y niveles de control después de 4 a 6 semanas fueron analizados y comparados entre pacientes con (IAMCSST) y sin supradesnivel del segmento ST (IAMSSST). RESULTADOS: Pacientes con IAMCSST tenían IMC significativamente más alta cuando fueron comparados con pacientes IAMSSST. Los niveles de creatinoquinasa fracción MB (CK-MB) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) eran significativamente más altos en pacientes con IAMCSST cuando fueron comparados con pacientes con IAMSSST (p<0,05). Los niveles de PCR a nivel basal y en el control no difirieron de forma significativa entre los dos grupos (p= 0,2152 y p=0,4686 respectivamente). Hubo una diferencia significativa en los niveles de pico de PCR entre los dos grupos. En el grupo de pacientes con IAMCSST los niveles fueron significativamente más altos cuando fueron comparados a los pacientes con IAMSSST (p=0,0464). CONCLUSIÓN: Pacientes con IAMCSST presentan picos significativamente más elevados de PCR cuando son comparados a pacientes IAMSSST. Esos datos sugieren que el proceso inflamatorio tiene un papel independiente en la patogénesis del infarto de miocardio. De esa forma, los niveles de PCR pueden ayudar en la estratificación de riesgo después del infarto de miocardio.

Correlation of HbA[1c] with zinc and magnesium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To determine the plasma levels of Zn and Mg in Type 2 Diabetic patients with HbA[1c] >8% and <8% and to determine the correlation of Zn and Mg with HbA[1c]. A total population of 60 patients of Type 2 DM and 30 normal healthy control subjects were included in this study. Three ml of blood was collected in EDTA vacutainer tube [BD vacutainer] for determination of HbA[1c] and 6 ml blood was collected in EDTA vacutainer tube [BD vacutainer] for determination of Zn and Mg, HbA[1c] was performed on Bio Rad D10 hemoglobin testing system. Zn and Mg were measured on ContrAA 700 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The age range of the patients and controls was 40 to 60 years. The mean age of the patients was 51.7 +/- 7.1 year and mean age of the control subjects was 46.7 +/- 7.2 years. Statistically significant differences were observed between levels of HbA[1c], Zn and Mg in patients and control groups [p < 0.05]. Mean Plasma Zn and Mg levels were low in Diabetic patients than in control group. We also found that diabetic patients with HbA[1c] >8% have lower levels of Zn and Mg as compared to diabetic patients with HbA[1c] <8%. A significant negative correlation of HbA[1c] with Zn and Mg was also observed. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is associated with the deficiency of Zn and Mg. Patients with poor giycemic control have more severe deficiency of Zn and Mg than patients with good giycemic control. HbA[1c] levels correlate negatively with Zn and Mg in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment among Saudi adults attending primary health care centers in northern Saudi Arabia

Few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment, and identify its causes and associated factors among the adult population attending primary health care [PHC] centers in Aljouf province, in northern Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study during the year 2005 in PHC centers in Aljouf province in northern Saudi Arabia. A sample of 620 Saudi adults, of age 18 years and older, from the catchment area of the Aljouf PHC centers, were randomly selected through a multistage random sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire about socioeconomic and related information and a visual acuity test was performed using the Snellen chart [E]. Diagnosis was established according to World Health Organization [WHO] criteria. Visual impairment was categorized into blindness for a visual acuity of less than 3/60 [20/400, 0.05] in the better eye with the best correction and low vision for a best corrected visual acuity of less than 6/18 [20/60, 0.3] but not less than 3/60 [20/400, 0.05] in the better eye. Regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of visual impairment. Of 61 7 adult Saudis interviewed and examined, 269 [43.6%] were females. The mean [SD] age was 38.6 [16.2] years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 13.9% [95% Cl: 11.4%-1 6.9%]. The main medical causes of visual impairments were refractive errors [36.0%] followed by cataract [29.1%] and diabetic retinopathy [20.9%], and the least leading cause was glaucoma [5.8%]. The most prominent determinants of visual impairment were age [P<.05], sex [P<.001], and a history of previous eye injury [P<.05]. Prevalence of visual impairment in the study population from the Aljouf area is high. It is recommended that regular checks of visual acuity be conducted for all Saudis of age 50+ years, who attend the PHC centers

Study and evaluation of mole hydatidiform cases in pregnant women

The etymology is derived from hydatisia [Greek [a drop of water]], referring to the watery contents of the cysts, and mole [from Latin mola=millstone/false conception]. Molar pregnancy is an abnormal form of pregnancy, wherein a non-viable, fertilized egg implants in the uterus. study and evaluation of mole hydatidiform cases according to age and percentage of them. The material was received from Rabia Balkhi and Malalay hospital and many other private clinics, and after process of biopsy study has been done. the result shows that the received biopsy from hospitals which were studied in pathology department was 48 cases of Mole Hydatidiform. 32 of these cases were incomplete mole and remained 16 cases were complete mole. the result shows that the cases of incomplete Mole Hydatidiform was more than complete Mole. According to age the youngest onset is 19 years along with formation of fetus. And the oldest one is a woman of 47. Referring prior to doctors [Gynecologist] In case of vaginal bleeding without pain in pregnant young women - performing HCG test, clinical testing of thyroid gland and routine test of urine

Visiting holy shrines; a survey to assess the common reasons by devotees in Karachi, Pakistan

There are frequent visits of the devotees to the holy shrines mainly for the purpose of mental healing. The people with various beliefs and religions attribute divine powers to the graves of their saints. This study surveyed the purpose of the visits to shrines, their beneficial effects, and also the sanctity violated by drug addicts and others. 1] To assess the common reasons of visiting holy shrines. 2] To determine the use / misuse of these visits. Cross-sectional. One most commonly visited shrine in Karachi. 01-06-2008 to 30-07-2008. 120 visitors. Visitors of 20 years age or older, who consented to participate. Visitors of less than 20 years age and who did not agree to participate. Total number of study subjects was 120, with male to female ratio of 58: 42. Their age varied from 20 to 80 years. They belonged to various socioeconomic and ethnic groups with varying educational level. Majority of the visitors come frequently. The purpose of visits included reward [swab], poverty, domestic problems, infertility, ill health, in addition to see lovers to have an access to commercial sex workers and narcotics. Some devotees had a mishap during the visit. Most of the visitors come for mental healing and relaxation with the hope of getting solutions for their problems, and a few use these sacred places for their wrong doings

Removal of kidney stones by open surgery to evaluate the biochemical changes and metabolic disorders to reduce the rate of recurrence of the disease

To evaluate the biochemical changes in patients analyzing pre and postoperative samples and to update the current clinical practices. PMRC Research Centre, LUMHS Jamshoro, Department of Urology, LUH, Jamshoro. Urolithiasis patients admitted at the department of urology, LUH Jamshoro were registered for this clinical based research study. A total of '25' patients were selected for open surgery procedure during carrying out this study in 2005. Out of which '20' were registered who were willing to participate and given written consent. A proforma with detail history and investigations related to the objectives of the study was filled in each case. The pre- and postoperative blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed. Results are given in detail from Table No.1 to Table No.06. The results of this study show that patients suffering from kidney stones were feeling stressful in the early morning [pre-operative] before shifting to the operation theatre for open surgery. Thinking of a surgery is itself a painful experience. However, on the next morning i.e. 1[st] postoperative day felt more comfortable and subsequently on 3[rd] and 5[th] postoperative day felt quite normal and ready to be discharged. Open surgery is required if other physical interventions such as shock-wave lithotripsy to breakup the stones is unsuccessful. However, extra corporeal shock-wave lithotripsy [ESWL] and [PCNL] modalities have solved the problems to the extent in the cases in which kidney stones can be broken easily. Attention should also he paid to the prevention of stone formation by counseling with the patients by adopting preventive measures

Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

To describe the clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and course of systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] as seen in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Retrospective study. Rheumatology Unit, Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patients fulfilling the "revised 1982 American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria for SLE" were included. The clinical features, laboratory investigations and radiological findings were recorded. Drug treatment comprised of prednisone, chloroquine, azathioprine and non-steriodal anti-inflamatory drugs [NSAID] singly or in combination. Cyclophosphamide pulses were given to patients with major organ involvement. Atotal of 54 patients were enrolled in our study. Fifty three [98.1%] were female. The female versus male ratio was 53:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 30.08 years [ +/- 10.09 SD] and the range was 10-59 years. 96.3% patients were Saudis, whereas 3.7% were non-Saudis. The main features were: malar rash [22.22%], discoid rash [5.6%], photosensitivity [24.1%], oral ulcers [42.6%], alopecia [29.6%], arthritis [35.2%], serositis [16.7%], renal disorders [42.6%], neuropsychiatric disorders [33.33%], hematological disorder [68.51%], immunological disorders [85.19%] and positive antinuclear antibodies in 87% cases. The course and presentation of SLE in our study was comparable to that seen in earlier studies from the Arabian Peninsula. However, in our series, the incidence of arthritis was lower and that of oral ulcers was higher than reported. The major age group affected by SLE was 30-39 years. Extreme female preponderance and high number of patients per year were the main demographic characteristics of our study

Plasma/urine glucose ratio (P/U-GR) as a tool for monitoring hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the validity of glucosuria measurements by double voided technique to monitor plasma glucose level, and use of plasma/urine glucose ratio [P/U-GR] changes as a sign of development of diabetic nephropathy. The study was conducted at AI-Azher University Hospitals between March to November 2002 on 200 diabetic patients [72 type 1 and 128 type 2] who had inadequate glucose control. It has been found that urine glucose levels was correlated significantly with blood sugar levels in uncontrolled diabetic patients. Sensitivity, specificity and negative prediction value were 96.5%, 89.5% and 79% respectively. Glucosuria was significantly higher in diabetic hypertensive patients than diabetic alone and in diabetic hypertensive patients treated by ACE inhibitors than those treated by other lines of antihypertensives. On other hand, glucosuria was significantly lower in patients with proteinuria than the rest of patients and in macroalbuminuria than those with microalbuminuria. P/U-GR which was found to be fixed and individualized for each patient, correlated with age, duration of disease, hypertension, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, HbA1c and proteinuria but not correlated with blood urea and type of diabetes. P/U-GR was significantly lower in diabetic patients with hypertension than those without hypertension and in patients treated by ACE inhibitors than those treated by other lines of antihypertensive agents. On the other hand, P/U-GR was significantly higher in diabetic patients with proteinuria than the rest of diabetic patients and in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria than those with microalbumrnuna. Our results recommend that the use of urine testing by double voided technique is reliable and accurate method in more than 79% of diabetic patients and could be used as a guide for detection of plasma glucose level in non emergency conditions

Surface topography of titanium implants: which ones influence a better treatment outcome?

Since the early 1980s, oral implants have provided a new dimension to all fields of dentistry. Reliable procedures have developed rapidly and joined an important place in treatment planning. In periodontics, the usual, despairingly conservative treatment is moderated by a rational implant option. In prosthodontics, aesthetic and functional restorations have certainly benefited from implant therapy. In orthodontics, an implant abutment may be used to facilitate tooth movement in some situations. Successful implant treatment relies on a knowledge of anatomy, an understanding of tissue physiology, skillful surgical technique and a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the implant system being used. The objective of this review is to enlighten the reader about the types of processed implant surfaces and as to which of these surfaces would influence a better treatment outcome

Frequency of dens evaginatus of permanent anterior teeth

To calculate the frequency of dens evaginatus in permanent teeth. Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID], Rawalpindi from April 2002 to April 2003. Subjects and A clinical and radiographic analysis of 5400 permanent anterior teeth was conducted to determine the occurrence of this developmental malformation. Dens evaginatus was found in about 2.4% of the permanent anterior dentition and was more frequent in the maxilla, particularly in the lateral incisor. This anomaly was less frequent in the mandible. This study shows that dens evaginatus of anterior teeth is more common in the permanent dentition particularly, the maxillary incisors. Furthermore, the frequency of dens evaginatus is high in males than females

Comparison of vertical with lateral condensation technique in obturation of root canal system

To compare vertical condensation with laterally condensed gutta-percha technique in obturation of root canal system. Design: A comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [Operative Deptt], Rawalpindi. Subjects and Fifty six human permanent extracted teeth were collected from central incisor to second molar from the both arches and in vitro root canal procedure was carried out. Warm vertical technique resulted in a uniform smooth surface and least observable space between gutta percha and canal wall, especially in middle and apical region. Root canal obturation by warm vertical condensation is better than cold lateral condensation

Autotransplantation of endodontically treated third molars

To determine the success rate in autotransplantation of endodontically treated third molars. Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID], Rawalpindi [Pakistan] from January 2002 to December 2002. Patients and A total of 50 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected who had their first or second molars in unrestorable condition with intact third molars. The donor teeth were extracted after the preparation of recipient site. After endodontically treated in vitro the donor teeth were carried to the recipient site and immobilized. Postoperative variables were recorded and analyzed on SPSS version 10. The overall success rate after six months of the transplantation of third molars was 88% with complete root formation after endodontic treatment. All the patients[12%] who had complaints were more than 35 years of age. Third molars are good substitute for the unrestorable first or second molars and would be as effective as endosseous implants. The procedure is likely to have complications in the advanced age group

Evaluation of different guide methods for the selection of artificial maxillary anterior teeth

The selection and arangement of maxillary anterior teeth for edentulous patient have long been recognized as a clinical problem in prosthodontic practice. So this study was directed to evaluate some different guide methods used for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth and to find the correlation between anatomical landmarks with the maxillary anterior teeth in dentulous subject. A specially designed tool was used to represent the Frankfort horizontal plane and the orbital plane on both sides of the face. A lateral right and anterposterior cephalometric radiographs were taken for each subject with the teeth in centric occlusion and the lip in repose. The Frankfort and orbital planes, the long axis of the maxillary canine and the most protruding central incisor were drawn. The Bizygomatic width was measured cilnically and cephalometrically. The results showed that there were significant correlations between the width of the 6 anterior teeth with both Bizygomatic width clinically and interorbital plan distance at Orbitale clinically and cephalometrically

Evaluation of the effects of long term prone positioning on mechanically ventilated patients with a cute respiratory failure

Acute respiratory failure [ARF] is one of the commonest potentially Lethal disease processes encountered in critical care Medicine. When the fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO[2]] requirement to correct hypoxemia exceeds 0.60, efforts should be made to improve the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange. The use of prone position was proposed to improve arterial oxygenation in many studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long term prone positioning on arterial oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure. Thirty patients suffering from acute respiratory failure were enrolled in this study. Patients were subjected to lung injury score, arterial gasometry, oxygen index and respiratory mechanics including peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, static and dynamic compliance and airway resistance. All parameters measured in supine and position [one hour, two hours, three hours and four hours]. The mean [SD] age for the patients was 45.17 [16.65]. The mean [SD] lung injury score for the whole patients was 2.36[0.73]. The study showed significant increase in arterial oxygen tension and oxygenation index by prone positioning of patients. Both static and dynamic compliance were significantly increased in the four hours of prone position. Airway resistance, peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure showed insignificant reduction in prone position. Prone position in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure [ARF] improves oxygenation to a clinically important extent and also increases both static and dynamic compliance

Incidence of therapeutic opening of fallopian tubes during hysterosalpingography

A study of 20 married primarily infertile female patients, aged 22-30 years, without any other constitutional disease and with husbands having normal sperm counts, to determine the incidence of therapeutic opening of the fallopian tubes during hysterosalpingography. Hysterosalpingography was performed using water soluble contrast medium with an improved method of upto 3 consecutive injections during a single examination. In these patients fallopian tubes opened up on repeated injections of 10-20 ml of contrast medium. 20 patients were followed-up to monitor the incidence of conception. 25% conceived within the first three months of the procedure. 10% conceived in six months time. 35% of these started other medications, hence were excluded from the study. In 30% opening of the fallopians failed to yield any benefit. Study brings to light the therapeutic advantages of hysterosalpingography in addition to its known diagnostic value